/* Traditional academic homepage: compact typography, plain links, content first. */
:root {
  font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #272727;
  background: #fff;
  --ink: #272727;
  --ink-soft: #444;
  --muted: #666;
  --line: #ddd;
  --accent: #245a91;
  --max: 1040px;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; min-width: 320px; background: #fff; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
h1, h2, h3, p { margin: 0; }
button, input, select, textarea { font: inherit; }
button { cursor: pointer; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #245a91; outline-offset: 3px; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: -80px; left: 16px; z-index: 100; padding: 8px 12px; background: white; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 10px; }
.preview-banner { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; padding: 7px 16px; font-size: 13px; background: #f4f6f8; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.preview-banner a { text-decoration: underline; }
.site-header { background: #fff; }
.site-header-inner { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 27px 24px 19px; display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 26px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aeb6bf; }
.site-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; flex-shrink: 0; color: var(--ink); }
.site-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.site-brand strong { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; }
.site-brand span { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; }
.site-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 22px; font-size: 14px; }
.site-nav a { padding: 4px 0; }
.site-nav a[aria-current=page] { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; border-bottom: 2px solid #4d6c89; }
.language-switch { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; margin-left: auto; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 12px; color: #858585; }
.language-switch a { color: #666; }
.language-switch a[aria-current=true] { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.lang-en .research-tile-title { max-width: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; }
.menu-button { display: none; }
.hero, .home-section, .subpage-shell, .site-footer { max-width: var(--max); padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.hero { padding-top: 32px; padding-bottom: 24px; }
.hero.has-portrait { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 185px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 30px; align-items: start; }
.hero-copy { grid-column: 2; min-width: 0; }
.hero h1 { font-size: 29px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; }
.hero-name-local { margin-left: 15px; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 400; }
.hero-affiliation { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 15px; }
.hero-headline { margin-top: 12px; color: #444; line-height: 1.6; }
.hero-intro { margin-top: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
.hero-intro a, .about-copy a, .contact-content a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; margin-top: 14px; font-size: 14px; }
.hero-actions .button { min-height: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--accent); }
.hero-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 18px; padding: 0; margin: 10px 0 0; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; }
.portrait-wrap { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; width: 185px; }
.portrait-frame { overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 4px; }
.portrait-frame img { width: 100%; height: 225px; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 22%; }
.metrics-shell { max-width: calc(var(--max) - 48px); margin: 0 auto 8px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.metrics { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 30px; align-items: center; padding: 10px 0; }
.metric { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 6px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.metric > strong { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
.metric-intro { flex-direction: column; gap: 0; margin-right: auto; }
.metric-intro > strong { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; }
.metric-intro > span { font-size: 11px; }
.home-section { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 12px; }
.section-head { margin-bottom: 12px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; }
.section-head h2 { font-size: 21px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; }
.section-head > div { min-width: 0; }
.section-label { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; }
.section-intro { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.7; white-space: pre-line; }
.section-link { font-size: 13px; white-space: nowrap; }
.selected-work .section-head > div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 16px; }
.featured-grid { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.featured-paper { padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; }
.featured-paper:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.featured-meta { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.featured-paper h3 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px; }
.featured-footer { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 13px; }
.featured-footer p { color: var(--muted); }
.featured-footer a { flex-shrink: 0; }
.about-copy { line-height: 1.8; }
.about-copy p + p { margin-top: 10px; }
.subpage-shell { padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 22px; }
.subpage-header { margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; }
.subpage-header h1 { font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 600; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-page-intro { margin: 0 0 16px; color: var(--muted); white-space: pre-line; }
.research-overview .section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px 24px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom-color: #d8dfe6; }
.research-overview .section-head > .section-link { flex-shrink: 0; }
.research-tiles { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr)); grid-auto-rows: 1fr; gap: 14px; padding: 0 0 8px; }
.research-tile { min-width: 0; }
.research-tile-link { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; color: var(--ink); background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e0e5eb; border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; transition: border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, transform .18s ease; }
.research-tile-link:hover { text-decoration: none; border-color: #a9bfd2; box-shadow: 0 5px 16px #254c7210; transform: translateY(-2px); }
.research-tile-link:hover .research-tile-title { color: var(--accent); }
.research-tile-link:focus-visible { outline-offset: 4px; border-color: var(--accent); }
.research-tile-image { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; background: #eff3f6; }
.research-tile-image img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.research-tile-placeholder { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; height: 100%; padding-top: 20%; color: #7890a4; font-size: 12px; }
.research-tile-placeholder b { font-size: 27px; font-weight: 400; color: #3f647e; }
.research-tile-copy { display: flex; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; padding: 14px 12px 12px; }
/* Reserve two readable lines; let longer future titles grow without truncation. */
.research-tile-title { max-width: 11em; min-height: 3.2em; margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.6; text-wrap: balance; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-title-line { display: block; }
.research-tile-stats { display: flex; align-items: baseline; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 3px 8px; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px solid #edf0f3; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5; }
.research-tile-stats > span { white-space: nowrap; }
.research-tile-stats strong { color: #3c5060; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.research-tile-arrow { margin-left: auto; color: var(--accent); font-size: 15px; }
.research-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.research-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 22px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e4e7; }
.research-row:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.research-row.has-cover { grid-template-columns: 22px minmax(0,1fr) 220px; column-gap: 20px; }
.research-row-number { padding-top: 3px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15px; }
.research-row-copy { min-width: 0; }
.research-row h2 { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 600; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-row-description { margin-top: 7px; line-height: 1.85; white-space: pre-line; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-row-image { align-self: start; margin-top: 4px; }
.research-row-image img { width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: contain; }
.research-row-footer { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 6px 18px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.research-row-footer strong { font-weight: 600; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.research-subtitle { color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 3px; }
.research-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.research-tags span { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-tags span + span::before { content: " · "; padding: 0 7px; color: #999; }
.research-view-all { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; }
.research-back { display: inline-block; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.research-detail { min-width: 0; }
.research-draft-tag { display: inline-block; padding: 1px 7px; border: 1px solid #dec79d; font-size: 12px; color: #755e37; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.research-lead { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; white-space: pre-line; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.detail-subtitle { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.research-cover { margin: 20px 0; }
.research-cover img { width: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 380px; object-fit: contain; margin: auto; }
.research-detail figcaption { margin-top: 6px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.65; white-space: pre-line; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-cover figcaption { text-align: center; }
.research-detail-layout { margin-top: 18px; }
.research-outline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 5px 20px; padding: 9px 12px; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; background: #fafafa; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.research-outline a > span { margin-left: 4px; color: var(--muted); }
.research-detail-section { margin-bottom: 25px; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.research-detail-section > h2, .research-detail-heading h2 { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; }
.research-detail-section > h2 { margin-bottom: 12px; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; }
.research-prose { line-height: 1.8; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-prose p { white-space: pre-line; margin-top: 10px; }
.research-prose h2 { font-size: 20px; margin: 20px 0 8px; font-weight: 600; }
.research-prose h3 { font-size: 17px; margin: 15px 0 7px; font-weight: 600; }
.research-prose > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.research-prose ul { margin: 8px 0; padding-left: 25px; }
.research-prose a { text-decoration: underline; }
.research-gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 18px 22px; }
.research-gallery figure { margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
.research-gallery img { width: 100%; height: 250px; object-fit: contain; border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; padding: 5px; }
.research-detail-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding-bottom: 5px; }
.research-detail-heading > span { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.research-projects article, .research-paper { padding: 13px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; }
.research-projects article:last-child, .research-paper:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.research-project-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 15px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 3px; }
.research-projects h3, .research-paper h3 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-projects p { margin-top: 5px; line-height: 1.8; white-space: pre-line; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-paper h3 { margin: 3px 0; }
.research-stats-block { margin: 0 0 20px; }
.research-stats-header { text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.research-stats-updated strong { font-weight: 400; }
.research-stats-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); border: 1px solid #ddd; background: #fafafa; }
.research-stat-card { min-width: 0; padding: 11px 15px; border-left: 1px solid #ddd; }
.research-stat-card:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.research-stat-number { font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.2; }
.research-stat-label { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 4px; }
.stats-source { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); }
.publication-toolbar { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.publication-tabs { display: flex; gap: 5px; }
.publication-tabs button { border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--accent); padding: 5px 8px; font-size: 13px; }
.publication-tabs button.active { background: #f0f3f6; color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.publication-filters { display: flex; gap: 8px; }
.publication-filters input, .publication-filters select { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 5px 8px; font-size: 13px; border-radius: 2px; color: #333; background: white; min-width: 0; }
.publication-filters input { width: 215px; }
.publication-year-group { margin-top: 18px; }
.publication-year { font-size: 19px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.publication-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 28px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 8px; padding: 10px 0 12px; }
.publication-index { font-size: 13px; padding-top: 1px; color: var(--muted); }
.publication-content { min-width: 0; }
.publication-authors { font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65; color: #555; }
.author-self { font-weight: 600; color: #333; }
.publication-content h3 { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.55; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 3px; }
.publication-translation { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 3px; }
.publication-meta { color: #555; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65; margin-top: 3px; }
.publication-journal { font-style: italic; }
.publication-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 15px; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 3px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.featured-badge { border: 1px solid #b6c6d6; color: #416589; padding: 0 4px; font-size: 10px; margin-left: 5px; }
.publication-bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.outline-button { border: 1px solid #bbb; background: #fff; border-radius: 2px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 13px; min-height: 32px; padding: 4px 10px; }
.cv-sections { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 22px; }
.cv-card > h2 { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding-bottom: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.cv-entry { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 155px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 24px; padding: 13px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; }
.cv-entry:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.cv-period { color: #555; font-size: 14px; }
.cv-entry h3 { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 600; }
.cv-institution { margin-top: 3px; }
.cv-description { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 4px; white-space: pre-line; }
.news-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 85px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 13px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; }
.talk-date { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.talk-summary h2 { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 600; }
.talk-location { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; margin-left: 8px; }
.talk-report { color: #555; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 4px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.talk-cancelled { color: #984a4a; margin-left: 8px; font-size: 12px; }
.contact-note { line-height: 1.8; white-space: pre-line; }
.contact-content dl { margin: 18px 0; }
.contact-content dl > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 11px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; }
.contact-content dt { color: var(--muted); }
.contact-content dd { margin: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.empty-copy { padding: 15px 0; color: var(--muted); }
.site-footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 20px; padding-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; color: #777; font-size: 12px; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; }
.workspace-link { color: #777; }
.unavailable { max-width: 750px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 90px 24px; }
.unavailable h1 { font-size: 28px; font-weight: 600; }
.unavailable p { margin: 15px 0; }
.primary-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; }
@media(max-width:980px) {
  .research-tiles { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 18px; }
}
@media(max-width:620px) {
  .research-tiles { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 18px 14px; }
}
@media(max-width:760px) {
  .research-row.has-cover { grid-template-columns: 20px minmax(0,1fr) 170px; column-gap: 14px; }
  .site-header-inner { padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 12px; align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
  .site-brand strong { font-size: 21px; }
  .site-nav { gap: 6px 20px; font-size: 13px; }
  .language-switch { margin-left: 0; }
  .hero.has-portrait { grid-template-columns: 130px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .portrait-wrap { width: 130px; }
  .portrait-frame img { height: 166px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 25px; }
  .hero-name-local { font-size: 20px; margin-left: 10px; }
  .metrics { gap: 7px 20px; }
  .metric-intro { flex-basis: 100%; flex-direction: row; gap: 10px; }
  .publication-toolbar { align-items: stretch; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
  .publication-filters input { flex: 1; }
}
@media(max-width:520px) {
  .research-overview .section-head { gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .research-tiles { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .research-tile-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 116px minmax(0,1fr); align-items: stretch; }
  .research-tile-image { align-self: center; margin-left: 12px; border-radius: 6px; }
  .research-tile-copy { padding: 12px; }
  .research-tile-title { margin-bottom: 8px; }
  .research-tile-stats { padding-top: 7px; }
  .research-tile-arrow { display: none; }
  .research-row, .research-row.has-cover { grid-template-columns: 18px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; padding: 22px 0; }
  .research-row h2 { font-size: 17px; }
  .research-row-description { font-size: 14px; }
  .research-row.has-cover .research-row-image { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; width: 240px; max-width: 100%; margin-top: 0; }
  .research-row.has-cover .research-row-copy { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
  .hero, .home-section, .subpage-shell, .site-footer, .site-header-inner { padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 18px; }
  .site-header-inner { gap: 8px; }
  .site-nav { gap: 4px 16px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 24px; }
  .hero.has-portrait { display: block; }
  .portrait-wrap { display: none; }
  .hero.has-portrait .hero-copy::before { content: none; }
  .hero-copy { display: flow-root; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 26px; }
  .hero-headline { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 14px; }
  .hero-intro { font-size: 14px; }
  .hero-actions, .hero-links { gap: 5px 16px; font-size: 13px; }
  .metrics-shell { margin-left: 18px; margin-right: 18px; }
  .metric { font-size: 12px; }
  .metric > strong { font-size: 14px; }
  .home-section { padding-top: 20px; }
  .section-head h2 { font-size: 20px; }
  .selected-work .section-head > div { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
  .subpage-shell { padding-top: 23px; }
  .subpage-header h1 { font-size: 24px; }
  .research-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-gallery img { height: auto; max-height: 350px; }
  .research-outline { gap: 5px 15px; padding: 8px 10px; }
  .research-lead, .research-prose { font-size: 14px; }
  .research-stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .research-stat-card:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; }
  .research-stat-card:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid #ddd; }
  .research-stat-number { font-size: 20px; }
  .publication-row { grid-template-columns: 22px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 6px; }
  .publication-content h3 { font-size: 15px; }
  .cv-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; padding: 11px 0; }
  .news-list article { grid-template-columns: 65px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .talk-location { display: block; margin: 3px 0 0; }
  .contact-content dl > div { grid-template-columns: 78px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .site-footer { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-top: 16px; }
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .research-tile-link { transition: none; }
  .research-tile-link:hover { transform: none; }
}
@media(max-width:520px){.hero.has-portrait .portrait-wrap{display:block;float:right;width:92px;margin:2px 0 10px 16px}.hero.has-portrait .portrait-frame{padding:3px}.hero.has-portrait .portrait-frame img{height:118px}.hero-copy{display:block}.hero::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.hero-name-local{display:block;margin-left:0;margin-top:3px}}